shula's cup

shula's cup

Tuesday, September 20, 2016

Drijat, an Arab village

Awhile ago I went on a tour with my friends to Eilat, and on the way we stopped at the Arab village of Drijat, which is situated south of Hebron, not far from Arad. This is the only Arab village in the Negev that is not Bedouin, but instead all of the residents belong to the Abu Hamad clan, which previously lived in the mountains of Hebron. The village was established 150 years ago when the residents lived in caves they carved from the rocks.[1] I think the tourist attraction there was supposed to be a cave that had been used as a house, but honestly, I didn't find the cave very interesting. I did however enjoy walking around the village taking pictures of the houses, some of which were quite grand and much nicer than any house I will ever be able to afford. This village is the first village in the world to be connected to a solar electricity system that supplies all of its electrical power.[2]
[1] http://www.jr.co.il/articles/solar-energy-lights-up-a-negev-village.txt
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drijat
on the outskirts of Drijat
Drijat





I was trying to imagine what life is like for the Arabs living in this village. They claim to be very peaceful and hardworking and have adjusted well to Israeli society. On one side of the village was a flock of sheep herded by a shepherd in a blue polo-style shirt and sweat pants. I came closer to photograph the sheep, and the shepherd let me hold one of the lambs. The moment that lamb was in my arms I experienced such overwhelming joy. I didn't expect it to feel like such a real baby. It was as light as a kitten and its wool was so soft and fuzzy. It was very submissive and didn't struggle in my arms at all but just let me hold it and kiss it and stroke its lovely woollen coat. I think I could have held that lamb all day. I really did not want to give the lamb back to the shepherd, but then others saw how much fun I was having and suddenly lots of people were taking turns holding it. 

Drijat
Drijat
Drijat
Drijat
children of Drijat
children of Drijat
Notice the very large solar panels on the roof. The entire village runs on solar power.
The village of Drijat has many big, beautiful homes. 
This is how the Arabs serve coffee and/or tea. 
These old kitchen utensils are in one of the old caves that used to serve as a home and is now open for tourists to visit. 
If this was my house I don't think I would be complaining. 
Drijat
You can see the shepherd [in the blue shirt] surrounded by his sheep on the outskirts of the village.
See the little lamb's hind end between the big sheep? This was before the shepherd grabbed him for me to hold.
The shepherd is bringing the lamb over to me.
a moment of bliss for me
Others held and played with the lamb also.
Drijat
Drijat is located south of Hebron and northwest of Arad.

Monday, June 20, 2016

some places in Jerusalem ....


People who come to Israel for the first time [or any time, for that matter] need to have an open mind about what they are going to see here. It is important to set aside your expectations of what you think or believe Israel SHOULD be like, and instead just take in what Israel actually IS. Why? Because your experience here will be so much more authentic and based upon reality. If you don't open your mind, you will find things you didn't expect and instead of embracing them as part of Israel, you will want to reject the experience. I know people who have come to Israel and didn't want to see whole regions of the Land because those regions didn't fit their previous vision of what Israel was supposed to be like. To me, they are not only shortchanging themselves of a true Israel experience, but also it reveals that they love their vision of Israel more than the real Israel itself. 

Why do I bring this up? I was thinking about the Chords Bridge, which many tourists say they don't like. They say it looks out of place in Jerusalem, the ancient city where King David lived and the Temple stood. Yes, Chords Bridge does not "fit" in the Old City of Jerusalem to be sure, and it would never have been built there anyway. But it is a feature of greater Jerusalem and most tourists see it first before they ever see the Old City since it is positioned at the entrance of the greater city. 
I took this picture while standing in the middle of Chords Bridge and looking up. 
I took these four pictures of the Chords Bridge in Jerusalem awhile back, but still hadn't shared them on my blog yet, so I thought I would share them now. I looked up information about this bridge on a website and want to share this information, too.

This information is quoted from: 
The Jerusalem Chords Bridge or Jerusalem Bridge of Strings, also called the Jerusalem Light Rail Bridge, is a cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge at the entrance to the city of Jerusalem, Israel, designed by the Spanish architect and engineer Santiago Calatrava. The bridge is used by Jerusalem Light Rail's Red Line, which began service on August 19, 2011. Incorporated in the structure is a glass-sided pedestrian bridge enabling pedestrians to cross from Kiryat Moshe to the Jerusalem Central Bus Station. 
The bridge was designed to add a defining visual element to the Jerusalem "skyline" at the entrance to the western city, and to carry a light rail system, expected to solve some of the city's traffic problems. For Calatrava the bridge is "also the excuse to create a major plaza, to give character and unity to this delicate place". 
Similar to Calatrava's Puente del Alamillo in Seville, Spain, the bridge makes use of an angled cantilever tower to absorb some of the load and reduce the number of cable stays needed. The bridge consists of a single pylon counterbalancing a 160 metre span with lengths of cables, making a dramatic architectural statement. While this is Calatrava's 40th bridge, it is the first he has designed to carry both train and pedestrian traffic. 
A striking feature of the bridge is a single 118-meter high mast supported by 66 steel cables arranged in a parabolic shape which develops three-dimensionally in space, making it the tallest structure in Jerusalem at the time of its completion. The exterior of the bridge is mostly clad in Jerusalem stone, with steel, glass and concrete detailing. Dubbed "Jerusalem's first shrine of modern design" by Time Magazine, the bridge has become a tourist attraction. 
The form of the bridge resembles a tent in the desert or a harp, with the cables as the strings, symbolising King David's harp, according to Calatrava. Others interpret the looming pylon as the bust of a long-necked bird, a human arm or an arrow caught in a bow. 
Chords Bridge
This is the pedestrian walkway on Chords Bridge. You can see someone riding their bike along it before it curves to the right. 
Chords Bridge
Below is a picture I took of a sundial on Yafo Street in Jerusalem. The sundial is on the top of the building of a synagogue where it looks like a face. The two "eyes" of the face are clocks, and the "smile" of the face are the numbers for the sundial. The style [the pointy thing that casts the shadow] of the sundial is hard to see in this picture because it appears slightly below and almost parallel with the power line which crosses in front of the picture. If you look closely you can see that the shadow from the style is at about a quarter after 3 in the afternoon. 
Zoharei Chama Synagogue with sundial at top
Here is some information I got from Wikipedia about this sundial:
Zoharei Chama Synagogue (which means "Sunrise Synagogue" in the Hebrew), colloquially known as the Sundial Building or the Mahane Yehuda Clock Tower, is a four-story building on Jaffa Road in Jerusalem, Israel, which features a huge, 5 meters (16 ft) diameter sundial on its facade. The building, constructed in stages by Rabbi Shmuel Levy from 1908-1917, was built to house a hostel for immigrants and a synagogue. It was damaged by fire in 1941 and partly restored by the Jerusalem municipality in 1980. Today it still houses the Zoharei Chama Orthodox synagogue, which has prayer services throughout the day for local businessmen, residents, and tourists. The sundial is still accurate to within 15 minutes. 
The sundial was designed by Rabbi Moshe Shapiro, a watchmaker in Mea Shearim and a self-taught astronomer who had learned the science by studying the pertinent writings of Maimonides and the Vilna Gaon. A long wire sticks out to measure the sun's progress along a half-circle marked at each hour, with sub-markings at 15, 30, and 45 minutes. For cloudy days, Levy installed two mechanical clocks on either side of the sundial, one set for European time and one for local time.
Yafo Gate looking outwards from the Old City
This next picture [above] I took of Yafo Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem, looking towards the outside of the Old City as the sun was setting. Notice that there is a gap in the wall right beside the gate, which is why one can look straight out. Some might think that part of the wall has been removed, but actually this gap is where a moat used to be around Herod's Tower. I read an interesting article about this and want to share it with my readers. The article is too long to copy into this page, but here is the link:

In this article, the first picture of Yafo Gate was taken from the persecutive of standing outside the wall and gap and looking into the Old City. The author, Robby Berman, demonstrates throughout the article that in fact this gap in the wall is due to a moat that surrounded Herod's Tower which is on the other side of the gap from Yafo Gate. It is a fun article to read. 
Hurva Synagogue in Old City of Jerusalem
Whenever I go to the Old City, I love passing by the Hurva Synagogue. It is so beautiful both during the day and at night when light shows through its stained glass windows near the top of the dome. I can't resist taking a picture of the synagogue almost every time I pass by it. 

I found some interesting information about this synagogue revealing how important it is from this website:
Perhaps no single location embodies the turbulent history of the Old City's Jewish Quarter as fully as the Hurva Synagogue. It was once the grandest synagogue in the Land of Israel and the quintessence of the spirit of the small Jewish community that tenaciously clung to the Holy Land during the long years of exile and dispersion. The Hurva was reduced to rubble in 1948 by the Jordanian Legion, who, fully cognizant of the symbolic import of the building to Jerusalem's Jews, wanted to demonstrate that the Jewish presence in the Old City was permanently consigned to the past.
Work began on the synagogue in 1700 at the behest of Ashkenazi Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid, after permission was gained from the Ottoman bureaucracy (who could generally be bribed into ignoring the Pact of Omar, a Moslem law which stated no new churches or synagogues could be built in lands under Moslem control). However, money ran out, and 20 years after construction began, the unfinished synagogue was torched, after which it gained its current name (meaning "ruin"). 
It remained a ruin until the mid-1800s, by which point the rapid growth of the Ashkenazi community had necessitated the revival of plans to build the synagogue. With the aid of major donations from both the Ashkenazi and Sephardi benefactors, including the Rothschild banking clan and Moses Montefiore, the synagogue was finally finished, its grandeur giving the Jewish Quarter its riposte to the Christians' Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Muslims' Dome of the Rock. The Hurva remained the focal of the Old City's Ashkenazi community until its destruction. After the Old City was recaptured by the Israeli army in 1967, a temporary commemorative arch was raised over the ruins of the site, and 40 years of bureaucratic wrangling over rebuilding efforts commenced. Big name architects were consulted and summarily ignored, ultra-modern plans were considered and rejected, until finally in 2005 it was decided that the synagogue would be rebuilt according to its former plan.
In March 2010, work on the reconstruction was completed, and the Hurva was rededicated in a gala ceremony as an active synagogue and center of study, aligned with the Ashkenazi Charedi branch of Jerusalem Orthodoxy. The building remains open to visits by tourists during the hours between worship services, but visitors should keep in mind that the Hurva is now a functioning synagogue, not strictly a tourist site, and should be treated as such.

This last picture I took on the way while walking down to the Kotel.   In the foreground are ruins in the Jewish quarter and in the mid-ground is the southern end of the Temple Mount with its invasive Al Aqsa Mosque dome, and in the background is the Mount of Olives. I don't have an interesting article to share about this picture, although I would like to learn more about the ruins in the foreground. I think it might be the remains of an ancient hospital from the 12th century, but I don't know for sure if I am correct. But for now, I am posting this picture simply because I like it.

That's all for now, folks. I hope my readers who have never been to Israel will consider visiting some day. You will be so happy you did. And when you come here, don't forget to keep your mind open to what you might find. Israel is a bottomless treasure chest that does not quite fit anyone's presuppositions. 

Wednesday, May 25, 2016

The adventure never ends ....

Eilat, November 2014
It was an enormous decision back in 2012 to sell most of my earthly belongings to strangers on Craigslist, rent out my beautiful house where I had planted a huge garden of kale and other super foods, quit my 2 jobs one of which was offering me a raise in the year to come, and enter a Masters degree program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages [TESOL] at Tel Aviv University in Israel. My daughter also uprooted herself, quit an excellent job she had worked for several years at the local community college, and journeyed with me to study physics in the Hebrew language [instead of her mother tongue English]. Both of us had no idea if we would last here more than a year. We came on student visas and had no way of knowing what the future held. Of course we hoped for the best, but trying to maintain a realistic outlook we were always expecting the worst, primarily because many of our friends didn't think we'd make it more than a year.

I decided since I was here in Israel, I would make the most of every opportunity. Since I didn't know if or when I was going to have to return, I made sure that I took in as many experiences as possible, traveled to as many different locations around Israel as was feasibly achievable without owning a vehicle, and met as many different people as I could.  The most time I had ever spent in a foreign country previously was a month in the UK, and even though it had been an opportunity to take in a new land and culture, England wasn't SPECIAL to me like Israel. England played the role of the setting of many books and historical events but was not a place that resonated in my heart and soul. Israel, however, is the seat of my spiritual life and center of my understanding of the universe. There was no way I was going to let this time spent in Israel go to waste.

When I arrived here in Israel, I was immediately busy with my Masters studies, attending classes on language research plus a required Hebrew ulpan class, and adjusting to living in a dormitory with women from all over the world. I came in the month of July so the heat of the summer was quite overwhelming. Having lived in a cloudy, moderate climate most of my life I was used to summers being spiked with plenty of rain, clouds, and only occasional heat in the 80's or 90's F for short periods of time. But Israel in the summer is a ruthless heat that does not yield for months with absolutely no rain. Combined with the humidity of the Mediterranean coast, one can sit outside at midnight in a tank top and be dripping relentless sweat. 

Those first few weeks in Israel were all about dealing with the choking heat, strange smells, cockroaches on the streets and ants in the kitchen, new procedures for doing simple things like mailing a letter or buying food, and the constant attempts of Hebrew and Arabic speakers trying to practice their English with me. It felt like everything I set out to do had to be relearned. The money is shekels rather than dollars so you have to learn what the coins and bills are worth and what things normally cost. Most bus drivers don't know English so you better know the name of your destination in Hebrew if you are going somewhere you have never been before. When I went to open a bank account at Leumi Bank it took two whole hours and I felt as though the people who worked at the bank had never opened a new account for anyone before. It mystified me how complicated they made it seem. I was beginning to realize that this culture seems to make everything more complicated than necessary, but I will save that rant for another time. While all of the things listed above might sound negative, the entire time I was adjusting I was so enchanted by the fact that I was in Israel that nothing really bothered me that much. Knowing I was in Israel was the most thrilling feeling I had ever experienced.

One thing I started doing early on was go to rikudei am sessions. These are traditional Israeli dance sessions in which the dances are mostly done in circles and sometimes in lines to both old and contemporary Israeli music. The dance and music styles vary widely from slow to jazzy to rap and rock everything in between, including the occasional use of songs from other countries. The sessions last for hours, starting with simple dances and warming up to more complicated ones as the night progresses, usually from 8:00 PM until 1:00 in the morning. People gather for these dance sessions in gymnasiums all over Israel every night of the week. I started attending because my daughter loves to dance and I saw this as an opportunity for us to get to know this aspect of Israeli culture. When my daughter ended up moving to a different city after a few months, I continued attending and made many new Israeli friends from those dance circles. I truly wonder what it would have been like if I had not attended rikudei am when I first came to Israel. It gave me such an interesting and authentic window into the culture here.  

Not long after I started attending these dance sessions known as harkadot, one of the dance leaders, Gadi Bitton, hosted his annual Camp Bitnua in Eilat which consists of several days of nonstop Israeli dancing catering to every skill level and age group along with unending entertainment such as concerts, comedy, and contests, while attendees are accommodated in luxurious hotels serving incredibly delicious food. My daughter and I attended Camp Bitnua in the fall of 2012 and that ended up being the first of about ten Israeli dance trips for me. Quite a few of the harkadot leaders host annual weekend trips to popular places around Israel such as Eilat, Masada, or locations up north, and when this happens hundreds of attendees basically enjoy nonstop dancing and schmoozing for the entire weekend. Hired buses would pick us up in major cities usually on a Thursday morning and bring us back after the end of Shabbat. The bus would stop at designated locations along the way so we could take in some beauty and dance, and then we would arrive at our hotel in the afternoon and dance and be entertained for the duration of the weekend.  

In addition to attending harkadot about 2-3 times per week mainly in Tel Aviv, I attended weekend dance trips every couple of months throughout Israel. In 2013 I even attended a week-long summer course designed for dance instructors who conduct harkadot in other countries. No one seemed to mind the fact that I myself am NOT a dance instructor in the least. About 25 dance leaders flew in from all over the world and we learned new dances every day from a wide variety of Israeli dance instructors around the country. At the end of the course we attended the Karmiel Dance Festival for an additional three days of nonstop dancing and observing others dance. The Karmiel Dance Festival hosts dancers from all over the world who perform in several locations throughout the festival, along with hosting harkadot and other styles of dance sessions.  At any given time during the festival there might be 4 different performances going on, 2 harkadot, and a concert for young people.  It is impossible to see it all, but what I did get to experience was amazing. I posted a video on YouTube of that summer course and festival.

Towards the beginning of my first year in Israel I was invited to a Shabbat dinner at a Chabad rabbi's house who hosts Shabbat dinners every other week for students at the university. My daughter and I started attending Rav Shay's dinners and going to his shul on Shabbat and soon found ourselves within a group of friends who also did likewise.  I had my friends from the university that I studied with, my friends from the harkadot that I danced with, and my friends from the Beit Knesset and Rav Shay's house that I did Shabbat with.

When we first arrived in Israel we had thought that my daughter would have to do a year of Hebrew language preparation before she could begin her studies on her Bachelor of Science in physics. Israel has what are called mechina programs that instruct new immigrants in the Hebrew language for a year so that they are able to begin their degree programs in Hebrew for real the next year. But after studying in the mechina for only two months, my daughter was able to skip the rest of the preparatory studies and begin attending Technion University in the fall of 2012. While she was still in the mechina, we were about a 10 minute walk from each other in Tel Aviv. But when she moved to Haifa she was a total of 1.5 hours of travel time away. It was a big adjustment for me to no longer live near my daughter as well as a huge adjustment for her to be taking a full load of physics classes in the Hebrew language. What an adventure we were both having!

The adventure never stopped. I learned to manage the Tel Aviv bus system but I finally acquired a bicycle because bus schedules are too constricting for me.  I found it a delight to explore Tel Aviv on my bicycle, always encountering new places, animals, beaches, shops, restaurants, etc. Everywhere I go I love meeting people and learning something totally new that had never entered my mind before. A great pleasure that I discovered is the Yarkon Park in Tel Aviv. The giant park sits astride the Yarkon River and has bicycle and walking paths on either side of it for kilometers and kilometers until the river reaches the sea. There are also tennis and basketball courts, climbing walls, baseball fields, toning centers, and other recreational facilities throughout the park, but the part I love the most is the bicycle paths that run along either side of the river and adjoin with the promenade that goes from the northernmost beach in Tel Aviv just south of Herzliya to its southernmost beach just north of Bat Yam. One could literally spend a day riding a bike along the Yarkon River and the Tel Aviv promenade, watching birds and lizards and people, eating ice cream and drinking freshly squeezed orange juice and photographing the sunset. The breeze from the sea blowing through my sweaty hair ~~ the sun's gleam reflecting off the sea and blinding me ~~ my bike wheels whirring across the pavement while I try to dodge people who insist upon strolling in the bicycle path rather than the walking path ~~ Groups of parakeets hold heated debates while flying in arcs over my head ~~ Writing about this makes me dizzy with desire to go do it right now.

When I entered the MA TESOL degree program at Tel Aviv University in the summer of 2012 I had expected that I would be doing a 3-semester program ending in the summer of 2013. However, I found out that if I elected to do the thesis track, I could stay registered as a student for an additional year or two while writing my thesis. This was a perfect plan for me since my daughter was in a degree program up north and was going to remain a student for several years anyway. I needed a way to retain my student status for several years, also, and so I elected to do the thesis track. Most of the classes I took culminated in final papers that had to be written by some future due date, usually a month or two in advance. Several of the final papers needed to be seminar papers that exceed 20 pages in length with some kind of research component involved. By the way, the program I was in was completely taught in English. Though we were required to take one Hebrew ulpan class at Tel Aviv University during the first semester of the program, the grade we got in that class did not count on the degree and it was the only Hebrew class that we were required to take. I took the beginner class referred to as Alef. It is equivalent to attending kindergarten and coming out two months later able to read and write a few basic sentences in the present tense.

That first year of study was filled with a heavy load of classes, reading academic articles about language development, doing research, and writing long analytical papers. For a short time I was also recruited to help Israeli students with their English writing assignments in the university writing center.  Plus, an important part of my MA program included being assigned to a school somewhere in Israel where I had to actually teach English classes. Most people in the program chose elementary students to work with, but I asked for college-aged students. They assigned me an internship at Ruppin Academic Center near Netanya, and so I took the bus there once or twice a week and gave English lessons to Ethiopian students.  After my three semesters of coursework in the MA program ended, when most people turned in their final papers and flew home to wherever they had come from, I continued working at Ruppin as an intern for an additional year and taught several more classes.

During my second year working at Ruppin, I was given the full responsibilities of an actual instructor employed there even though in reality I was still an intern. I designed all of the lessons and homework for two full classes of college students and I had my own Moodle page where students could keep track of their grades and homework. My boss decided to take advantage of my presence that year to have me rewrite every single test, midterm, and final exam used in that particular English department. Creating a test is a lengthy process of selecting and editing a text to make it appropriate for the level of my students. At the beginning of the year the texts would be approximately a page and half long, but after two semesters the texts grew up to three pages long. I would design problems that tested my students on specific concepts we had covered in the course along with vocabulary and grammar questions. Each problem had to be worded carefully for my English learners using a variety of formats such as true/false, multiple-choice, fill in the blank, etc. Needless to say, I found it a challenge to work on my thesis that year and still had some other final papers I hadn't finished. Fortunately, I was able to get extensions on everything for an indefinite amount of time into the future.

For the first 14 months of living in Israel I lived in a 4-person dormitory apartment with women from all over the world. My roommates were always changing, sometimes coming for only a month or a semester, so in total I lived with quite a few different women over the entire year. They were mainly from Europe and Asia, but one of them was a muslim woman from Jordan who was also working on a masters degree. In my second year in Israel I moved out of that dormitory and was able to get a brand new studio apartment with a view of the sea. I was the first person to ever live in that room and even got to take the plastic off of the brand-new mattress myself. While it had been an adventure having roommates from all over the world, I was ecstatic to have my own private apartment 7 floors up from the street that gave me a panoramic view of northern Tel Aviv and the sunset every night.

After I had completed the one Hebrew ulpan class at Tel Aviv University that I had been required to take my first summer here, I found a Hebrew school called Gordon Ulpan in Tel Aviv where I completed two more additional levels, namely Alef + and Alef ++. Altogether, in Alef + we learned past tense which took four months, and in Alef ++ we learned future tense which took another five months. I waited several months in between taking each class while trying to learn as much as I could on my own, and when I finally finished Alef ++ I decided to study the Bet levels on my own [at least for now].

The year 2014 was a blur of teaching at Ruppin, taking ulpan classes, going to harkadot, and photographing Israel with friends while some final papers and a thesis still hung over my head. Somewhere along the way I had discovered playing the djembe drum in drummer circles on the beach in Tel Aviv, and so I also found myself doing that about once a week or so. During the summer of 2014 there was a 50-day war between Israel and the terrorist group Hamas who controls the Gaza Strip. Hamas fired hundreds of rockets into Israel both before and during the war, so it was an exciting time of running into bomb shelters and trying to keep up with all the latest war news. The Israeli government did only the minimum strikes necessary to temporarily thwart Hamas' attacks, the result of which is insufficient and pitifully begging for many more wars in the future. At that time I began to realize that the Israeli government does not make decisions based upon what is best for the Jewish people in this country but rather what makes the government look more acceptable in the eyes of the world. In spite of my disappointment with the passive and apathetic government I should mention that not once have I ever regretted coming to Israel even during that war. My life has so much more meaning here that I cannot imagine going back to the safe and boring bubble of living in the US. That fall I started taking classes to learn more about Judaism and my daughter and I started attending a new Beit Knesset in Haifa.  We immediately became friends with a family there with whom we started eating Shabbat dinners nearly every week.

Then in 2015, in the midst of learning Judaism, Hebrew, and writing final papers, I moved to Haifa to live with my daughter. I needed to finish a paper about street art in Tel Aviv in which I included a lot of photographs that I had taken of the street art in the Florentin neighborhood. Taking the pictures had been very fun, but writing that paper was torture for me because I am in no way an art critic, let alone a street art critic, and my professor wanted an even deeper analysis of what the street art meant on some nebulous subconscious level that seemed far beyond description in human terms. I did finally finish that paper after much inner agony due to lack of knowing what to say.

Immediately following that paper I wrote a long paper on the language policy of Ethiopia. The history of Ethiopia is fascinating, including the fact that the Islamic invasion around 700 AD was what halted the economic growth of most African nations. Before the advent of Islam, Ethiopia was a prosperous sophisticated society that traded with nations all over the world including China, India and Europe. But the Islamic invasion not only thwarted trade between neighboring countries but Muslim invaders took control of the seas and all the trade routes. Though Ethiopia resisted having a Muslim government, most nations succumbed almost immediately and all of their previous economic and cultural progress was suppressed and reversed. In fact, it can be argued that Islam is responsible for why Africa has taken so long to scientifically and economically develop over the past 1,400 years and why Europe was so slow in scientific progress during the Middle Ages. Writing that paper on Ethiopia was both enjoyable and arduous. I found it difficult to limit its length and decide when to end it.

The last paper I needed to finish was my thesis in which I argued against Chomsky's theories of the origins of human language. I exposed the unscientific and unprovable nature of his theory in which he posits that humanity's ability to speak language is due to a genetically transmitted body of grammar knowledge referred to as universal grammar.  I refuted his theory by demonstrating that language learning is the result of a variety of cognitive processes functioning simultaneously within a finely-tuned input/output system located in multiple centers of the brain.  My supervisor at the university gave me absolutely no guidelines on how to write a thesis so I had no idea what was required, how long it should be, what I should include or not include, or basically anything that was expected of me. I found guidelines online from other universities and simply used my best judgment on what I believed would best reflect my work. I finally finished writing my thesis while a friend from the states was visiting us. Lots of friends from the states stayed with us in 2015 at different times, which also provided a lot of travel opportunities and a lot of distraction from writing. By the time I finished my thesis I was so exhausted from writing that I could hardly proofread it. To be honest I still haven't finished proofreading it. But as it turned out, my supervisor was pleased with it and gave me an extremely adulatory review. It was all worth it in the end, but boy did I become burned out from writing!

Now, in 2016 I am still studying Hebrew on my own and trying to learn more Judaism and Jewish history. I seize every opportunity to travel around Israel, taking thousands of pictures and learning as much as I can about each place I visit. The more I travel the more I learn about new places in Israel that I simply have to visit some day. I am excited that friends from the states are coming to visit again in a few months and so I will be doing even more traveling and maybe even some camping. I have gone to Cyprus twice now, having seen and photographed many locations all over that island. The adventures just never end.  And in the midst of everything I have uploaded many videos of Israel on my You Tube channel of different places I have visited or small glimpses of my experiences.

There just isn't enough time to write about all my little adventures that have taken place here in Israel, but each one has taught me something new about Israel and about the world in which we live. There was the time when I had a fever for about two weeks and was sicker than I think I have ever been in my life. It was such a different kind of sickness from anything I had ever experienced before. I couldn't eat more than a cracker at a time and even just one cracker tasted very strange like it was made from laboratory chemicals. It was interesting to observe the various symptoms I had with that sickness. I became so weak that even I, one who always avoids going to the doctor, agreed to see one. That was my first experience with Israeli doctors, and let me tell you, they don't listen to you any better than American doctors do. Or there was the time when I decided to refinance the house I still own in the states by doing it all from the embassy in Tel Aviv. It could take me pages to explain how complicated that was. Or the time when I lost my wallet and had to replace everything that had been in it, including my passport, credit cards, bank cards, student ID, etc. Ugh, that was such an annoying adventure. But looking back now, I feel like I have learned so much from having to have gone to the embassy for the refinance and replacing my passport. I had never been to an embassy before I came to Israel. Being here in Israel affords many new experiences that I am sure I would never have had in the states.

I loved it when my grandma's brother Great-Uncle Joe came to visit me here in Israel. Though he had been to Israel before on a tour, this time he came just to see me. He wanted to go somewhere he had never gone before, so we hopped a train to Ashkelon and visited the ancient city that Samson had frequented in the Tanach. I also showed him around the ancient city of Yafo where Jonah had caught the ship while trying to run from HaShem. So far Uncle Joe is the only relative of ours who has come to visit us since we moved to Israel.

I have met people here in Israel from all over the world. I couldn't begin to list all the places they are from. Jewish people regularly move here [make aliya] from every corner of the world, while people from every ethnicity imaginable come here to study or just to visit. Even though the United States, where I am from, is such a big country, I have learned so much more about the world here in this tiny country of Israel where practically every country and so many cultures and ideas are represented.

Well, I took a long year and a half break from writing on this blog, mainly because I was so burned out from writing all my final papers and thesis. But now I don't feel nearly as much pressure and have gained the ability to write again. Hence this long story about my life here in Israel so far. If I could go back and do it all again, I wouldn't change a thing. Coming here has been the most exciting, enriching, educational decision I have ever made. In spite of the challenges, bugs, heat, etc., when I got here I immediately felt as though I had come home, and I still feel that way now. No matter how hard situations get, no matter what financial sacrifices need to be made, no matter what else I have to give up to be here, it has all been worth it and I am SO GLAD I live here! I hope I will be able to live here for many years to come.


Hinei Ma Tov, Camp Bitnua, Eilat: https://youtu.be/0nJM95GqeFc
Happy, Camp Bitnua, Eilat: https://youtu.be/Jo60A2fKlX4
C'est la vie and Riverdance, Camp Bitnua, Eilat: https://youtu.be/wUQrHmf0UgI
Eilat, November 2014
Eilat, November 2014
Eilat, November 2014
Eilat, November 2014
Eilat, November 2014
Eilat, November 2014